Biology: Structural Organisation in Animals (Solved Examples Part 1)

Transform your understanding of Structural Organisation in Animals through our expertly curated collection of 25 solved examples that mirror the most frequently asked questions in NEET, Olympiad and board examinations. Dive deep into the fascinating world of animal tissues and organ systems, from microscopic cellular organization to complex body plans in different phyla. Each example is meticulously explained with detailed diagrams, covering essential topics like tissue differentiation, epithelial types and their locations, specialized connective tissues, neuron structure, and muscle fiber organization. Whether you're analyzing the digestive system of earthworm, respiratory system of cockroach, circulatory system of frog, or comparing different tissue types in mammals, our step-by-step explanations ensure complete concept clarity. Perfect for NEET aspirants and biology students, this comprehensive guide covers high-yield topics including histology, organ system integration, comparative anatomy of model organisms, and structural adaptations across different animal groups. Join thousands of successful NEET candidates who have mastered animal organization through our carefully selected examples that combine theoretical knowledge with practical identification skills essential for your biology practical exams.

1. The term `tissue' was introduced by

A . Robert Hooke

B . Bichat

C . Ruysch

D . Mayer

Solution:

Sol.Robert Hooke first observed cell through a microscope as dead cells. Bichat introduced the term 'Tissue' and is known as founder of animal histology. Mayer coined the term 'Histology'. Ruysch introduced the term 'Epithelium'.

Correct Answer : B

2. Presence of tissues in a multicellular organism ensures

A . Faster development

B . Division of labour

C . Higher reproductive potential

D . Body strength

Solution:

Sol.Tissue is a group of similar cells along with intercellular substances, which are specialized to perform a specific function. Each tissue performs one or more function of body. Thus, body of multicellular organism exhibits division of labour and contribute to survival of body as whole.

Correct Answer : B

3. A group of cells alike in form, function and origin constitute a/an

A . Tissue

B . Organ

C . Organelle

D . Organ system

Solution:

Sol.Group of cells with similar appearance and common function form tissues.

Correct Answer : A

4. The tissue that external and internal surfaces of parts of body inanimals is

A . Connective

B . Muscular

C . Nervous

D . Epithelial

Solution:

Sol.Occurring as sheet of cells, epithelial tissues, covers the outside of body and line organs and cavities within body.

Correct Answer : D

5. Cells of germinal epithelium are

A . Cuboidal

B . Columnar

C . Ciliated

D . Squamous

Solution:

Sol.Germinal epithelium of ovary and seminiferous tubule is made of cuboidal epithelial cells.

Correct Answer : A

6. Cell junctions like tight, adhering and gap junctions are mainly present between the neighbouring cells of

A . Neural tissue

B . Connective tissue

C . Muscular tissue

D . Epithelial tissue

Solution:

Sol.Epithelial cells are held together by specialised intercellular junctions, which serve as structural and functional links between cells.

Correct Answer : D

7. Goblet cells secrete

A . Mucus

B . Enzymes

C . HCl

D . Hormones

Solution:

Sol.Goblet cells are simple columnar cells that produce mucus. Because of shape produced during secretion of mucus, mucus secreting cells are called goblet cells.

Correct Answer : A

8. Pavement epithelium is the name of

A . Squamous epithelium

B . Cuboidal epithelium

C . Ciliated epithelium

D . Columnar epithelium

Solution:

Correct Answer : A

9. Brush bordered columnar epithelial tissue is located in

A . Fallopian tube

B . Oesophagus

C . Trachea

D . Small intestine

Solution:

Sol. Intestinal epithelium bear microvilli to increase surface area ofabsorption. This gives a brush-bordered appearance to epithelium. Hence called brush-bordered columnar epithelium.

Correct Answer : D

10. Which of the following cells of connective tissue secrete antibodies?

A . Mast cells

B . Plasma cells

C . Macrophages

D . Fibroblasts

Solution:

Sol.Mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, fibroblasts are cells of connective tissue. Plasma cells produce antibodies or immunoglobulins.

Correct Answer : B

11. Trapped dust particles are pushed out of respiratory tract by

A . Squamous epithelium

B . Glandular epithelium

C . Ciliated epithelium

D . Compound epithelium

Solution:

Sol.Columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells bear cilia on their free surface, called ciliated epithelium. The cilia remain in rhythmic motion and create a current to transport material which come in contact with them. In respiratory tract, it helps in expelling mucus and trapped particles towards outside.

Correct Answer : C

12. Dense irregular connective tissue is found in

A . Skin

B . Tendon

C . Ligament

D . All of these

Solution:

Sol.Dense irregular connective tissue has fibroblast and many fibres (mostly collagen) and are oriented differently. This tissue is present in skin.

Correct Answer : A

13. The cells of connective tissue which produce histamine are

A . Fibroblasts

B . Macrophages

C . Mast cells

D . Plasma cells

Solution:

Sol.Cytoplasm of mast cells contain granules of Heparin and Histamine. Histamine produces inflammation, increases permeability of blood vessels, causes contraction of smooth muscles.

Correct Answer : C

14. Blubber of whale is an example of

A . Areolar tissue

B . Adipose tissue

C . Tendon

D . Muscular tissue

Solution:

Sol.Adipose tissue is an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes. Each adipocyte is rounded or oval containing a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. Adipose tissue is found in blubber of whales and elephants that regulates body fat and weight.

Correct Answer : B

15. Haversian canals are found in

A . Matrix of mammalian bone

B . Matrix of amphibian bone

C . Matrix of reptilian bone

D . All of these

Solution:

Sol.Haversian canal is characteristic feature of mammalian bones are present in matrix. Each haversian canal contains an artery, a vein, a lymph vessel, a nerve and some bone cells all packed within connective tissue.

Correct Answer : A

16. The protein which occurs in the matrix of bone is

A . Ossein

B . Chondrin

C . Keratin

D . Globulin

Solution:

Sol.Matrix of bone contains ossein protein.

Correct Answer : A

17. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. the structure of a bone

A . The matrix of bone is present in the form of layers called lamellae

B . Lamellae consist of fluid filled spaces called lacunae

C . Lacunae contain bone cells called chondrocytes

D . The matrix is solid because of the presence of salts such as calcium phosphate

Solution:

Sol.Bone cells called osteocytes lie in lacunae singly.

Correct Answer : C

18. The most widely distributed connective tissue in the body of animalsis

A . Areolar

B . Adipose

C . Cartilage

D . Dense irregular

Solution:

Sol.Areolar tissue is most widely distributed connective tissue in animal body. Areolar tissue serves as support framework for epithelium. It is present beneath the skin. Areolar tissue joins skin to muscles, fills space inside organs.

Correct Answer : A

19. The connective tissue which acts as an insulator and prevent loss of heat from the body is

A . Areolar

B . Adipose

C . Blood

D . Cartilage

Solution:

Sol.Adipose tissue is specialised loose connective tissue which possesses abundant fat storing cells/adipocytes. Adipose tissue act as fat reservoir and act as an insulator. Being poor conductor of heat, it reduces heat loss from body.

Correct Answer : B

20. Both RBCs and WBCs are formed in

A . Cartilage

B . Thyroid

C . Bone marrow

D . Plasma

Solution:

Sol.In long bones, cavity called bone marrow cavity is present. This cavity is filled with soft and semi solid fatty tissue termed as bone marrow. The bone marrow in some bones is site of production of blood cells (such as RBCs, WBCs, Platelets etc).

Correct Answer : C